安裝零件中發生的傷痕液壓缸安裝時，活塞及缸蓋等零(ling)件質量大、尺寸大、慣性(xing)大，即使有起重設(she)備(bei)輔助安裝，由(you)于(yu)(yu)規定配合間隙都較小，無論怎樣均(jun)會別(bie)勁投(tou)人，因此(ci)， 活塞的(de)端部或(huo)缸蓋凸臺在磕碰缸壁(bi)內表(biao)面時，極易造成傷痕。解決此(ci)問題(ti)的(de)方法：對于(yu)(yu)數量多，上批量的(de)小型產品，安裝時采用(yong)專制裝配導向工具；對重、粗、大的(de)大、中型液壓(ya)缸， 只有細致、謹慎操(cao)作(zuo)才(cai)能竭力(li)避免。

測(ce)(ce)量(liang)儀器觸頭造成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)傷痕通常采用(yong)內(nei)徑千分表測(ce)(ce)量(liang)缸體內(nei)徑時，測(ce)(ce)量(liang)觸頭是邊摩擦邊插(cha)人缸體內(nei)孔壁中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)，測(ce)(ce)量(liang)觸頭多為髙硬度(du)的(de)(de)(de)耐磨硬質合金制成(cheng)(cheng)。一(yi)般(ban)地說(shuo)，測(ce)(ce)量(liang)時造成(cheng)(cheng)深度(du)不大的(de)(de)(de)細長形劃(hua)傷是輕(qing)微的(de)(de)(de)，不影響運行(xing)精度(du)，但如(ru)果測(ce)(ce)量(liang)桿頭尺寸調節不當，測(ce)(ce)量(liang)觸頭硬行(xing)嵌人，會(hui)造成(cheng)(cheng)較為重度(du)的(de)(de)(de)傷痕。解決此問題的(de)(de)(de)對策，首先是測(ce)(ce)量(liang)出調節好的(de)(de)(de)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)頭的(de)(de)(de)長短度(du)，此外(wai)，用(yong)一(yi)張只(zhi)在測(ce)(ce)量(liang)位置上開孔的(de)(de)(de)紙帶，貼在缸壁內(nei)表面，即不會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)上述(shu)形狀劃(hua)痕。測(ce)(ce)量(liang)造成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)輕(qing)微劃(hua)痕，一(yi)般(ban)用(yong)舊砂布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)反面或馬糞(fen)紙即可擦去。

對單活塞桿液(ye)(ye)壓缸(gang)來說，其左(zuo)右兩(liang)腔相互(hu)連(lian)通，并同時(shi)都和進油(you)管(guan)路(lu)相通的(de)連(lian)接(jie)方(fang)式叫做液(ye)(ye)壓缸(gang)的(de)差(cha)動連(lian)接(jie)。其特點(dian)是推力(li)減小了，速度提(ti)高了。當元(yuan)桿腔的(de)有(you)效工作面積是有(you)桿腔的(de)兩(liang)倍(bei)時(shi)，亦即(ji)活塞直徑(jing)D= d時(shi)(d為活塞桿直徑(jing))，差(cha)動連(lian)接(jie)的(de)速度較沒有(you)差(cha)動連(lian)接(jie)的(de)速度提(ti)高了一倍(bei)，而推力(li)則減小了一半。

關于液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)缸(gang)的(de)(de)(de)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，其(qi)作用及具(ju)體緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)工作原理(li)不難理(li)解。其(qi)難點主要(yao)是(shi)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，特別是(shi)最(zui)(zui)大緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)計算。事實上(shang)，液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)缸(gang)在(zai)(zai)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)時(shi)有三(san)種能(neng)(neng)量(liang)在(zai)(zai)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)后(hou)(hou)被背壓(ya)(ya)(ya)腔(緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)腔)所(suo)吸收：①是(shi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)能(neng)(neng)Ep，其(qi)值(zhi)為(wei)(wei)Ep =p1 A1 Lc(式中(zhong)P1為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)腔的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，A1為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)腔的(de)(de)(de)有效承壓(ya)(ya)(ya)面(mian)積，Lc為(wei)(wei)背壓(ya)(ya)(ya)腔的(de)(de)(de)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)長度(du))。②是(shi)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)Em ，其(qi)值(zhi)為(wei)(wei)Em =mv2/2(式中(zhong)m為(wei)(wei)所(suo)有運動(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)，v為(wei)(wei)運動(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)速度(du))。③是(shi)反向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)摩擦能(neng)(neng)Ef，其(qi)值(zhi)為(wei)(wei)Ef=FfLc(式中(zhong)Ff為(wei)(wei)反向(xiang)摩擦力(li)(li)(li)(li))。此時(shi)，三(san)種能(neng)(neng)量(liang)，尤其(qi)是(shi)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)極短的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)內(nei)全部(bu)(bu)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)成背壓(ya)(ya)(ya)腔液(ye)(ye)(ye)體的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)E2，致(zhi)使背壓(ya)(ya)(ya)腔壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)升高(gao)(gao)(gao)，形成緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。若(ruo)令背壓(ya)(ya)(ya)腔有效承壓(ya)(ya)(ya)面(mian)積為(wei)(wei)人，緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)pc，則有E1=Ep+Em-Ef=E2=Pc·Ac·Lc(E1為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)腔總的(de)(de)(de)機械能(neng)(neng)、即(ji)三(san)種能(neng)(neng)量(liang)之和)，所(suo)以(yi)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)pc=E1/AcLc。在(zai)(zai)采用節流口(kou)可調式的(de)(de)(de)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)裝(zhuang)置中(zhong)，緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)阻尼是(shi)固定不變的(de)(de)(de)，而在(zai)(zai)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)開(kai)始時(shi)運動(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)速度(du)是(shi)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(以(yi)后(hou)(hou)才逐(zhu)漸降低)，所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)開(kai)始時(shi)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊力(li)(li)(li)(li)也最(zui)(zui)大(以(yi)后(hou)(hou)才逐(zhu)漸減弱)。即(ji)在(zai)(zai)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)由(you)大到小變化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)，非(fei)定值(zhi)。而上(shang)述pc值(zhi)是(shi)從(cong)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)轉(zhuan)換角度(du)換算出的(de)(de)(de)理(li)論值(zhi)，即(ji)平均(jun)值(zhi)，稱為(wei)(wei)平均(jun)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)。最(zui)(zui)大緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)出現在(zai)(zai)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)開(kai)始時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)速度(du)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)時(shi)。若(ruo)近(jin)似的(de)(de)(de)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)由(you)運動(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)所(suo)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)那部(bu)(bu)分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)呈線性規律下降的(de)(de)(de)，則最(zui)(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li))Pcmax。即(ji)最(zui)(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)可近(jin)似地等于平均(jun)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)與運動(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)所(suo)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)之和。在(zai)(zai)液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)缸(gang)強度(du)校核(he)時(shi)，必須滿(man)足(zu)最(zui)(zui)大沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)擊力(li)(li)(li)(li)要(yao)小于缸(gang)筒(tong)材料的(de)(de)(de)試驗壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)這一(yi)條件(jian)(jian)。