液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)油是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)業(ye)潤(run)滑(hua)油中(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)超大、應用(yong)(yong)(yong)面超廣的(de)(de)(de)品種。液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)油廣泛用(yong)(yong)(yong)于冶(ye)金、礦山(shan)、工(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)械、汽車、飛(fei)機(ji)、運輸工(gong)具、機(ji)床(chuang)及其它(ta)液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)。全液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)油的(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)量(liang)約1000萬(wan)噸/年，占工(gong)業(ye)潤(run)滑(hua)油的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)半。目前(qian)我國每年液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)油的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)約30萬(wan)噸，其中(zhong)抗(kang)磨液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)油約4萬(wan)噸。在(zai)任何液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)，液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)油是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)至關(guan)(guan)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)組成部分。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)功能是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：有效地傳(chuan)遞(di)能量(liang)、潤(run)滑(hua)部件(jian)和(he)作為一(yi)種散熱介(jie)質。液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)能否可靠(kao)、靈敏、準確(que)(que)、有效而(er)且(qie)經濟(ji)地工(gong)作，與(yu)所選用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)油的(de)(de)(de)品種及性能密切相關(guan)(guan)。因此(ci)，正(zheng)確(que)(que)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)油是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)確(que)(que)保液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)正(zheng)常和(he)長(chang)期(qi)工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提。當液(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)發生(sheng)故障時，及時找出原因，采取正(zheng)確(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)解(jie)決辦法是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)保護(hu)設備、避免造成重(zhong)大損失(shi)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)措(cuo)施。

液壓油的選用

由于液壓缸傳(chuan)動具有元件體積小、重量輕、傳(chuan)動平(ping)穩、工作可靠、操(cao)作方(fang)便(bian)、易于實現無級變速等(deng)優點，因(yin)此在許多工業(ye)部(bu)門(men)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)動系統(tong)被(bei)采用。不同工業(ye)部(bu)門(men)由(you)于使用要求、操(cao)作條件、應用環境的(de)(de)差(cha)異，所用的(de)(de)液壓(ya)傳(chuan)動系統(tong)差(cha)別也很大。正確選用液壓(ya)油品(pin)種，確保(bao)液壓(ya)系統(tong)長期(qi)平(ping)穩、安全運行，是保(bao)證(zheng)連續生產、節省材料消耗和提高經濟效(xiao)益(yi)的(de)(de)有效(xiao)措施。

按國(guo)際標準化(hua)組(zu)織(zhi)ISO 6743/4-1982“潤(run)滑劑(ji)，工(gong)業潤(run)滑油和(he)有關產品分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(第4部分(fen)(fen)(fen))H組(zu)液壓(ya)系統(tong)，根(gen)據(ju)應用場合不同分(fen)(fen)(fen)為：流體(ti)靜壓(ya)系統(tong)液壓(ya)油、液壓(ya)導軌油、難燃液壓(ya)油和(he)流體(ti)液力系統(tong)四類(lei)(lei)(lei)。1999年(nian)ISO發布了(le)(le)ISO 6743-4：1999(E)分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)，新(xin)增(zeng)加了(le)(le)環境可接受的(de)液壓(ya)油一類(lei)(lei)(lei)。我(wo)國(guo)于1987年(nian)發布了(le)(le)GB 7531.2-87液壓(ya)油分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)標準，等效采用ISO6743/4-1982分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)法(fa)。表1列出(chu)了(le)(le)ISO及我(wo)國(guo)液壓(ya)油的(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、代號及相應產品質量標準。

根據不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)應用場(chang)合(he)應選(xuan)用不(bu)同(tong)(tong)類型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)油(you)品種，加上液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)泵的(de)(de)(de)類型(xing)、工(gong)作溫(wen)度和(he)(he)壓(ya)(ya)力、操作條件(jian)和(he)(he)周(zhou)圍環境(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，選(xuan)用液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)油(you)是一項細致并要求(qiu)具備一定油(you)品知識的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作。 據統計，液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系統運(yun)行的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)障絕大(da)(da)部分(fen)是由(you)于液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)油(you)選(xuan)用和(he)(he)使(shi)用不(bu)當引起的(de)(de)(de)，因此(ci)，正確(que)選(xuan)用和(he)(he)合(he)理使(shi)用液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)油(you)，對液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)設備運(yun)行的(de)(de)(de)可靠性，延(yan)長系統和(he)(he)元件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命，保證設備安全，防(fang)止事故(gu)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生著重要的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義(yi)。特別是液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系統朝(chao)著縮小(xiao)體積(ji)、減(jian)輕重量(liang)、增大(da)(da)功率、提高效率、增加可靠性和(he)(he)環境(jing)(jing)友好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)方向發(fa)展，正確(que)選(xuan)用液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)油(you)顯得更為重要。

2.1液壓油的(de)選用原則

一般(ban)液(ye)壓(ya)設(she)備制(zhi)造商(shang)在設(she)備說明書(shu)或使(shi)用手冊(ce)中規(gui)定(ding)了該設(she)備系(xi)統(tong)使(shi)用的液(ye)壓(ya)油品(pin)種、牌號和粘度級別，用戶首先應根(gen)據(ju)設(she)備制(zhi)造商(shang)的推(tui)薦選用液(ye)壓(ya)油。但也(ye)會遇到許多場合，用戶所(suo)(suo)用系(xi)統(tong)的工(gong)況和使(shi)用環境(jing)與設(she)備制(zhi)造商(shang)所(suo)(suo)規(gui)定(ding)有(you)一定(ding)的出入，需要自(zi)行(xing)選用液(ye)壓(ya)油。一般(ban)可根(gen)據(ju)下列原(yuan)則來選用：

(1)無確定系統(tong)應選用(yong)什么類型液(ye)壓油。這要根據系統(tong)的工況和工作環(huan)境來(lai)確定。

(2)其次要確定(ding)系統應選用(yong)什么(me)粘(zhan)度級別的液壓油(you)。

(3)了解(jie)所選用液壓(ya)油的性能。

(4)了解產品的價(jia)格。

2.2液壓油品種的選擇

(1)根據液壓系統的工作壓力和溫度選擇液壓油品種。

(2)根據液(ye)壓系(xi)統的(de)工作環(huan)境(jing)選擇液(ye)壓油品(pin)種。

(3)根(gen)據特殊性能要求選擇液壓油品種。

2.3液壓油粘度的(de)選擇

選定合適的品種后，還要確定采用什么(me)粘度級別(bie)的液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)才(cai)能使液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系統(tong)在(zai)超(chao)佳(jia)狀態下工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。粘度選用過(guo)高(gao)雖(sui)然對潤(run)滑性有利，但增(zeng)加系統(tong)的阻力，壓(ya)(ya)力損失增(zeng)大(da)，造成功(gong)率(lv)損失增(zeng)大(da)，油(you)(you)溫上升，液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)不穩，出現噪音。過(guo)高(gao)的粘度還會造成低溫啟動(dong)時吸油(you)(you)困難(nan)，甚至造成低溫啟動(dong)時中斷供油(you)(you)，發生設備(bei)故障。相反，當(dang)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系統(tong)粘度過(guo)低時，會增(zeng)加液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)設備(bei)的內、外(wai)泄漏，液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系統(tong)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)壓(ya)(ya)力不穩，壓(ya)(ya)力降低，液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)部件(jian)不位到，嚴重(zhong)時會導(dao)致泵(beng)磨損增(zeng)加。

選用粘(zhan)度(du)(du)級別首(shou)先要(yao)(yao)根據泵(beng)的(de)類(lei)型(xing)決定(ding)，每種類(lei)型(xing)的(de)泵(beng)都有它適用的(de)超佳粘(zhan)度(du)(du)范圍：葉片泵(beng)為25～68mm2/S，柱(zhu)塞泵(beng)和齒輪泵(beng)都是30～115mm2/S。葉片泵(beng)的(de)超小工作(zuo)粘(zhan)度(du)(du)不(bu)應低(di)于(yu)10mm2/S，而(er)超大(da)(da)啟(qi)動(dong)粘(zhan)度(du)(du)不(bu)應大(da)(da)于(yu)700mm2/S。柱(zhu)塞泵(beng)的(de)超小工作(zuo)粘(zhan)度(du)(du)不(bu)應低(di)于(yu)8mm2/S，超大(da)(da)啟(qi)動(dong)粘(zhan)度(du)(du)不(bu)應大(da)(da)于(yu)1000mm2/S。齒輪泵(beng)要(yao)(yao)求粘(zhan)度(du)(du)較大(da)(da)，超小工作(zuo)粘(zhan)度(du)(du)不(bu)應低(di)于(yu)20mm2/S，超大(da)(da)啟(qi)動(dong)粘(zhan)度(du)(du)可(ke)達(da)到2000mm2/S。

選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用粘度(du)(du)級(ji)別還(huan)要(yao)考(kao)慮泵的(de)(de)工況，使(shi)用溫(wen)度(du)(du)和壓(ya)力高的(de)(de)液壓(ya)系統(tong)要(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用粘度(du)(du)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)液壓(ya)油，可以獲得較(jiao)好(hao)的(de)(de)潤滑性(xing)，相反，溫(wen)度(du)(du)和壓(ya)力較(jiao)低，應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用較(jiao)低的(de)(de)粘度(du)(du)，這(zhe)樣可節省能耗。此(ci)外，還(huan)應(ying)考(kao)慮液壓(ya)油在(zai)(zai)系統(tong)超低溫(wen)度(du)(du)下的(de)(de)工作粘度(du)(du)不應(ying)大于泵的(de)(de)超大粘度(du)(du)。表3列出(chu)了各(ge)種泵在(zai)(zai)不同(tong)壓(ya)力和溫(wen)度(du)(du)下的(de)(de)粘度(du)(du)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇。

液壓系統的故障分析

隨(sui)著液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統在(zai)各(ge)工(gong)業部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用日益廣泛。因(yin)(yin)此確保(bao)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)正常動(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)，增加(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可靠性非常重要(yao)，正確選用液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)油的(de)(de)(de)(de)品種和粘度是保(bao)證(zheng)系(xi)(xi)統長期、可靠工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)首要(yao)條件(jian)。另(ling)一(yi)方面，當液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統發(fa)生(sheng)故(gu)障(zhang)時能夠迅速的(de)(de)(de)(de)找到原因(yin)(yin)和有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)解決也十分(fen)重要(yao)。液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)設備系(xi)(xi)由(you)機械、液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)、電氣(qi)及儀表等裝置組合而(er)成，因(yin)(yin)此在(zai)分(fen)析液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)時必須先了解整個液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)原理(li)、結構(gou)特點(dian)和元件(jian)及材料配(pei)置情(qing)況。由(you)于液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統是密(mi)封(feng)帶壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統，管路中油液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流動(dong)(dong)(dong)情(qing)況，液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)元件(jian)內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)零件(jian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)和密(mi)封(feng)是否損壞都不易觀察到，因(yin)(yin)此分(fen)析故(gu)障(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)(yin)和判斷故(gu)障(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)部位都比較困難(nan)。

液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)發(fa)生(sheng)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)很多，歸納起來(lai)有(you)(you)(you)三(san)方面：一是(shi)(shi)設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)械故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，這(zhe)包括(kuo)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)設(she)計不合(he)理，安(an)裝間隙不正(zheng)(zheng)確，液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)元件(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問題(ti)，密封件(jian)選用(yong)(yong)不當等，由(you)這(zhe)些問題(ti)引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)一般(ban)與液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)關系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。二是(shi)(shi)操(cao)作失誤造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)指液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)在正(zheng)(zheng)常運轉(zhuan)時(shi)(shi)由(you)于操(cao)作人員(yuan)操(cao)作不當而造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)，如錯誤開(kai)閉閥門，突然中(zhong)斷電(dian)源(yuan)，操(cao)作溫(wen)度或壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)過(guo)高，補(bu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)時(shi)(shi)加錯油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)面過(guo)高或過(guo)低(di)(di)，不及時(shi)(shi)從油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱底部放出(chu)分(fen)離的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)等。由(you)于操(cao)作失誤造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，都不是(shi)(shi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問題(ti)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)，大都不涉及液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，但有(you)(you)(you)些則從液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)變化(hua)可以反映出(chu)來(lai)。三(san)是(shi)(shi)由(you)于液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，這(zhe)大多是(shi)(shi)由(you)于選油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不當或使(shi)用(yong)(yong)了不合(he)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)所致，也可能液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)間過(guo)長，不及時(shi)(shi)更換(huan)新(xin)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)。本(ben)文僅從液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)及使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)對液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)進行(xing)分(fen)析。3.1液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)溫(wen)過(guo)高自動停機(ji)(ji)3.2液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)不穩或不足3.3液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)進水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響3.4液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)混(hun)(hun)入空氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響3.5液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)顆粒(li)污染3.6液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)混(hun)(hun)入其它油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)更換(huan)和(he)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)清洗液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)在使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)一定(ding)發(fa)會生(sheng)變質(zhi)(zhi)，繼(ji)續(xu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)變了質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)會造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工作不正(zheng)(zheng)常，零部件(jian)磨損和(he)腐蝕，嚴重(zhong)時(shi)(shi)會造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)重(zhong)大事故(gu)(gu)。反之(zhi)，若液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)還(huan)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)變質(zhi)(zhi)就更換(huan)，不但造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)浪費，而且還(huan)需停機(ji)(ji)換(huan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，增加不必要的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)支。因(yin)此，在使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)了解液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)狀況，在它發(fa)生(sheng)明顯變質(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)及時(shi)(shi)更換(huan)，是(shi)(shi)保護設(she)備、降低(di)(di)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一項重(zhong)要手(shou)段。液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變質(zhi)(zhi)包括(kuo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)組成(cheng)(cheng)和(he)性(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)，主要是(shi)(shi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氧化(hua)變質(zhi)(zhi)、輕質(zhi)(zhi)餾分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)揮發(fa)、添加劑損耗和(he)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)污染等，所有(you)(you)(you)這(zhe)些都會使(shi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能發(fa)生(sheng)變化(hua)，影響正(zheng)(zheng)常使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。

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